Understand your rights at work. This is a crucial step to protect yourself. It also helps you plan for your future. Whether you’re starting a new job or have been in your role for years, it is important to know your employment contract. If you are facing redundancy, understanding your legal rights can give you confidence and clarity.
This guide will walk you through the basics of UK employment contracts and the rights every employee is entitled to, since there is not always someone available to explain employee rights at work.
What Is an Employment Contract?
An employment contract is a legally binding agreement between you and your employer. It sets out the terms of your job – including pay, hours, responsibilities, and notice periods – and can be written, verbal, or implied through behaviour.
Even if you haven’t signed a formal document, you still have a contract as soon as you start working and get paid.
What Must Be in a Written Statement?
By law, your employer must give you a written statement of employment particulars by your first day of work. This isn’t the full contract, but it includes essential terms such as:
- Job title or a brief description of duties
- Start date
- Pay (including frequency of payment)
- Working hours
- Holiday entitlement
- Notice periods
- Place of work
- Sick pay and leave details
- Pension arrangements
- Any collective agreements (e.g., with unions)
If your job lasts more than one month, this written statement is a legal requirement under the Employment Rights Act 1996.
Common Types of Employment Contracts
Understanding what kind of contract you’re on can affect your rights:
1. Permanent Contracts
- Ongoing employment with no fixed end date.
- Full employee rights.
2. Fixed-Term Contracts
- Employment for a specific period (e.g., maternity cover).
- Same rights as permanent staff after 2 years.
3. Zero-Hours Contracts
- No guaranteed hours – work is offered as needed.
- Still entitled to minimum wage, paid holidays, and rest breaks.
4. Agency Work
- You work for an agency that places you with different employers.
- After 12 weeks in the same role, you’re entitled to the same pay and conditions as permanent staff.
Key Employee Rights (Regardless of Contract Type)
Here are minimum rights under UK law:
- National Minimum Wage (or National Living Wage if over 23)
- Paid holiday (at least 5.6 weeks per year)
- Rest breaks (20 minutes for every 6 hours worked)
- Protection from unlawful deductions from pay
- Statutory Sick Pay (SSP)
- Maternity, paternity, and adoption leave/pay
- Protection from unfair dismissal (after 2 years’ service in most cases)
- Redundancy pay (if eligible)
- Right to request flexible working (after 26 weeks)
What If Something Goes Wrong?
If you feel your contract isn’t being honoured – for example, if you’re underpaid or your employer is breaching agreed terms – you have options:
- Raise it informally with your line manager or HR.
- Put it in writing to escalate formally.
- Seek help from ACAS (Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service) – they offer free advice and can mediate disputes.
- Contact Citizens Advice for legal guidance tailored to your situation.
🛠️ Tip: Always keep copies of your employment contract, payslips, and correspondence with your employer.
Final Thoughts: Know Your Worth, Know Your Rights
Being informed about your employment contract isn’t just about legal protection – it’s about empowerment. Whether you’re just starting your career or nearing retirement, knowing your rights helps you stand up for fair treatment and navigate the working world with confidence.
If you’re dealing with financial stress related to your employment – such as irregular hours, insecure work, or disputes over pay – you are not alone. Help is available, and taking small steps to understand your rights is a strong start.